Assessment on End of the war.
Three different assessments are to be made, one for each war. Thus an understanding for the end of the war (all three conflicts) can be produced.
At the end of the war of 1947, after numerous operations and coups, no resolution could be seen for the countries’ conflict. Therefore, India requested an outside party to resolve war. The UN was asked to intervene, who mandated a cease-fire on the thirty-first of December in 1948. This ended with a line of control between Pakistan and India, a physical division representing the newfound peace (for the time being), and the division of Kashmir, where two-fifths went to Pakistan and the other three-fifths went to India. The ending to this war is more conclusive that the following two wars; there is a neutral party that makes the decision. For the moment, it seems as though both Pakistan and India are satisfied, yet this statement seems to be only a disillusionment when each country analyzes the current situation. They realize that the war isn’t over, just developed. Changes have been made, yet only external (territory). The true internal problems have just changed, not progressed towards a solution.
The second war, the war of 1965, ended in a statement, due to several miscalculations by both India and Pakistan. The Indian army seemed to have a lack of “intelligence” (information regarding the enemy), therefore invading Chamb and other areas of Pakistan blindly and suffering many losses as a result. On the other hand, Pakistan miscalculated their suppositions. They believed Kashmir would be discontent with, and would eventually revolt against, Indian rule. However, this was not the case. Therefore, the end of the war can be defined as two opposing miscalculations that “canceled each other out” and resulted in a stalemate; a physical (India) and a mental (Pakistan).
The third war of 1971 ended with a surrender from Pakistan due to another major miscalculation. Pakistan believed they could take on India and (the now) Bangladesh, yet were quickly overwhelmed by the magnitude and suppression of the external forces. East Pakistan eventually had to accept defeat and signed the Instrument of Surrender. However, this resulted in about 97,400 prisoners of war, meaning this ending of the war had the longest long term effect. The prisoners of war are a physical reminder of the struggle India had to go through to succeed in the war, almost going full circle back to the conclusion of the first war.
Overall, all three wars are defined by physical and mental endings. Pakistan suffered the most “mental” miscalculations and defeats, with India the opposite with physical. The way each war ended is varied, but the nature and resultants of each are very similar.
At the end of the war of 1947, after numerous operations and coups, no resolution could be seen for the countries’ conflict. Therefore, India requested an outside party to resolve war. The UN was asked to intervene, who mandated a cease-fire on the thirty-first of December in 1948. This ended with a line of control between Pakistan and India, a physical division representing the newfound peace (for the time being), and the division of Kashmir, where two-fifths went to Pakistan and the other three-fifths went to India. The ending to this war is more conclusive that the following two wars; there is a neutral party that makes the decision. For the moment, it seems as though both Pakistan and India are satisfied, yet this statement seems to be only a disillusionment when each country analyzes the current situation. They realize that the war isn’t over, just developed. Changes have been made, yet only external (territory). The true internal problems have just changed, not progressed towards a solution.
The second war, the war of 1965, ended in a statement, due to several miscalculations by both India and Pakistan. The Indian army seemed to have a lack of “intelligence” (information regarding the enemy), therefore invading Chamb and other areas of Pakistan blindly and suffering many losses as a result. On the other hand, Pakistan miscalculated their suppositions. They believed Kashmir would be discontent with, and would eventually revolt against, Indian rule. However, this was not the case. Therefore, the end of the war can be defined as two opposing miscalculations that “canceled each other out” and resulted in a stalemate; a physical (India) and a mental (Pakistan).
The third war of 1971 ended with a surrender from Pakistan due to another major miscalculation. Pakistan believed they could take on India and (the now) Bangladesh, yet were quickly overwhelmed by the magnitude and suppression of the external forces. East Pakistan eventually had to accept defeat and signed the Instrument of Surrender. However, this resulted in about 97,400 prisoners of war, meaning this ending of the war had the longest long term effect. The prisoners of war are a physical reminder of the struggle India had to go through to succeed in the war, almost going full circle back to the conclusion of the first war.
Overall, all three wars are defined by physical and mental endings. Pakistan suffered the most “mental” miscalculations and defeats, with India the opposite with physical. The way each war ended is varied, but the nature and resultants of each are very similar.